The present study was conducted from May to October 2013, commissioned by the European Economic and Social Committee (“EESC”) and carried out by the European Centre for Liberal Professions, University of Cologne (“ECLP”).

This study was carried out by the European Centre for Liberal Professions following a call for tenders launched by the European Economic and Social Committee.

The mandate for this study was to undertake an evaluation of EU external action as managed by three DGs: DG RELEX, DG DEV and DG AIDCO. The Terms of Reference identified two main objectives (ToR, Feb 2010, Section 1 – reproduced in Annex 1): · To provide an overall independent assessment of...

This study examined best practice examples of social partner involvement in greening the economy in different Member States. It analysed the role of the trade unions and employers’ associations as well as employees, their direct representatives and company management in selected projects at...

Sustainable energy is fundamental to social and economic development and to power sustainable growth. It is needed to improve livelihoods in developing countries, ensuring access to clean water, cooking, education and healthcare for their people. Energy poverty is also among the root causes of...

The Evaluation Unit of the European Commission (EC’s) Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development (DG DEVCO) commissioned PEM to conduct an independent evaluation of the European Union’s cooperation with sustainable energy (2011-2016). The purpose of this Report is to...