The compensation hypothesis predicts a positive causation from international economic openness to the size of the public sector, as governments step in to perform a risk mitigating role to counterbalance the increasing exposure to external risk and the economic dislocations caused by growing...

The causality between energy consumption and real income in developed countries has been a very vital research topic in recent years. Raising concerns about climate change and global warming increase the pressure on policy makers to take action against energy depletion. Unfortunately these...

Global pharmaceutical pricing strategies have been debated in published literature; however, these debates have not accounted for the differences in elasticity of demand between the public, private and cash paying markets. A mathematical model is presented that explores several plausible...

This Digest focuses on independent human rights institutions for children, and the urgent need to create such institutions in every country in the world to protect, promote, and monitor children's rights. Children are among the most vulnerable group in any society, with no vote, no access to the...

Compares conditions of academic tenure and its functional equivalent in post secondary education in selected Anglo-American countries and in countries governed by civil-service regimes. Draws conclusions regarding nomination and dismissal, the case of distant-study teaching, effects of brain...