large-scale physical destruction on the educational attainment, health status and labor market outcomes of German children … school-age during WWII. First, these children had 0.4 fewer years of schooling on average in adulthood, with those in the … most hard-hit cities completing 1.2 fewer years. Second, these children were about half inches (one centimeter) shorter and …

-scale physical destruction on the educational attainment, health status and labor market outcomes of German children. I combine a …-by-cohort variation in the intensity of WWII destruction as a unique quasi-experiment. My findings are as follows: First, these children … years. Second, these children were about one centimeter shorter and had lower self-reported health satisfaction in adulthood …

attainment and political outcomes of German children. We combine a unique city-level dataset on the fraction of Jewish population … children have 0.4 fewer years of schooling on average in adulthood. Second, these children are less likely to go to college or …

. We then show that the benefits extended to the next generation with large reductions in the crime rates of the children …

. We then show that the benefits extended to the next generation with large reductions in the crime rates of the children …

as labor earnings of the children who went through the post reform school system, in particular for individuals … the generation directly affected by the reform as well as their children. We use census data on all born in Sweden between … 1945 and 1955 and all their children merged with individual register data on all convictions between 1981 and 2008. We find …