This study examines the dynamic relationship among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, energy consumption and foreign trade based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Indonesia during the period 1971–2007. The Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology...

This paper explores the relationship between economic growth in reference to atmospheric pollution and air quality (CO2 and SO2, respectively) in Uruguay (a small-open economy) through the XX century. Departing from the theory behind the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), a linear relationship...

This paper examines the impacts of industrialization and urbanization on CO2 emissions in China using nonparametric additive regression models and provincial panel data from 1990 to 2011. The empirical results show that there is an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between...

This paper examines the relationships between economic growth , energy consumption, trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions for the period 1970-2009 in case of Portugal. In doing so, we use a time series (OLS estimator, the regression with Newey -West standard errors, and ARMA model). We...