, in some treatments workers are paid a bonus conditional on reaching a pre-specified goal. We observe that the use of … the goal plays a crucial role. Strikingly, the positive effect of self-chosen goals persists even if the goal is not … backed up by monetary incentives. We propose a novel incentive contract where – through the choice of a personal work goal …

relatively. We test three different theories about observed relative overconfidence. The first theory notes that simple … asymmetry produces overconfidence (Kőszegi, 2006; Weinberg, 2006). We test an important specific prediction of these models … might make this belief worse. Our data also reject this prediction. The third theory is that overconfidence is induced by …