Since the introduction of a formal commitments procedure in EU an- titrust policy (Article 9 of Council Regulation 1/2003), the European Commission has extensively settled cases of alleged anticompetitive practices. In this paper, we use a formal model of law enforcement (Be- bchuk, 1984; Shavell,...

In a repeated interaction between a principal and two agents with inter-agents externalities and asymmetric information, we show that optimal decentralization within the organization is limited to the …first period and across agents.

Gautier Ariette.- Slave families in the French Antilles, 1635-1848 It has long been thought that there were few slave couples in the French Antilles because there were few married slaves. But marriage is a poor indicator of the existence of families since both owners and slaves - men and women -...

In the postal sector, the net cost of universal service depends on the content of the service, the postal market characteristics and the country s geographical configuration. These three groups of factors affect both the direct cost of providing the service and the extent of competition on the...

The credit ratings oligopoly has the stigmata of antitrust concerns. Nicolas Petit & Norman Neyrinck (University of Liege School of Law (ULg)

Interestingly, while all the evidence points to the existence of a competition problem in the rating industry, almost nothing has been written on whether the CRAs could be amenable to antitrust scrutiny. (Nicolas Petit & Norman Neyrinck, Univ. of Liege School of Law )

Can CRAs’ recent downgrading of sovereign ratings trigger antitrust liability? Nicolas Petit & Norman Neyrinck (Univ. of Liege)

It has become conventional wisdom to view the rulings handed down by the Court of First Instance in <i>Airtours, Schneider, Tetra Laval</i> and <i>Impala</i> as unprecedented setbacks for the European Commission that would usher in a new era of administrative accountability in the field of merger control.