a cartel. The article defends the idea that a number of these violations are debatable because they intervene although … they are not necessary in view of the aims of the sanction policy. In this matter, the main discriminations result of the …, the existence of an identical ceiling applicable to all undertakings penalized for a cartel is a source of inequality …

whistleblowers affect cartel formation and prices. Antitrust without leniency reduces cartel formation, but increases cartel prices …: subjects use costly fines as (altruistic) punishments. Leniency further increases deterrence, but stabilizes surviving cartels …. With rewards, cartels are reported systematically and prices finally fall. If a ringleader is excluded from leniency …

whistleblowers affect cartel formation and prices. Antitrust without leniency reduces cartel formation, but increases cartel prices …: subjects use costly fines as (altruistic) punishments. Leniency further increases deterrence, but stabilizes surviving cartels …. With rewards, cartels are reported systematically and prices finally fall. If a ringleader is excluded from leniency …

cartels and preventing the creation of new ones, is at the core of open and fair pan-European markets, higher productivity and … of companies involved in cartels, focusing on the effectiveness of preventive policy of the Commission in antitrust … enforcement, reflected in particular by the evolution of the fines imposed in cartel cases. The analysis outlines how antitrust …

economic policy, because the competition ensures the freedom of choice. The theory of competition provides large number of …

This article confirms that OPEC is neither a cartel nor exhibits any sign of market domination, market control, or … opposed to ``imperfect competition"--a tautological hallmark of neoclassical theory utilized in the bulk of both orthodox and …

We examine the effect of one of the presumably most powerful cartels ever on the profitability of its members. More … precisely, we consider the Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate, a coal cartel that operated in Imperial Germany in the late 19th … event study methodology to asses the reaction of the stock market to the foundation of the cartel and two major revisions of …

difference between them concerns the question of “who punishes”. In the first approach, punishment is executed by the group … members themselves individually, i.e., punishment is decentral in nature. The second approach is based on the idea that … individuals may be willing to delegate the punishment to a central, external authority. The key questions to answered are, whether …

endogenizing the formal sanction scheme. We find that self-determined formal sanctions schemes are popular and efficient when they … when adopting the latter entails such a cost. Practice improves the performance of sanction schemes: they become more …

one can assign costly punishment points to other group members in order to reduce their payoffs. We compare the effect of … this voluntary punishment possibility with the effect of ex post costless communication: in contrast to the punishment …