This paper considers a modified principal-agent environment, where principals have options to either incentivize agents, or trigger agents' reciprocity. Because the production is uncertain, principals' fixed rate transfer can be easily interpreted as good intention. Theory suggests that...

To ensure the imported vaccines’ high quality, many countries such as Canada, the UK and China require the imported vaccine provider to cooperate with an exclusive domestic agent for vaccine sales. In this paper, we examine the role of promised-deliver-time (PDT) for the transport of vaccines...