private arbitration, particularly in the consumer and employment contexts. Such agency actions have included enforcement … arbitration agreements. And, in some cases, they have involved regulatory responses, including direct regulation of the terms … governing private arbitration in particular regulatory contexts.The Essay explores how agencies can partially address some of …

: investment arbitration. Here, arbitrators are hired on a case-by-case basis. As a consequence, theory would predict they would … treaty arbitration (1990-present). I triangulate interviewees' perspectives with original datasets on quantitative case …