competition law enforcement when criminal cartel sanctions are employed; and the need for connecting the criminalised cartel …

cause. The cartel authority may fine employees who contribute significantly to the establishment and enforcement of the … Becker's theory of crime, penalties must be at least as high as expected benefits to deter crimes. For example, we start by …

This article shows that private enforcement of the U. S. antitrust laws-which usually is derided as essentially …, criminal enforcement by the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. The debate over the value of private … antitrust enforcement long has been heavy with self-serving assertions by powerful economic interests, but light on factual …

This chapter recounts the history and modern status of state antitrust enforcement. Initially, it describes the three …, assesses their effectiveness and analyzes likely future patterns of enforcement activity …

are more inclined to conclude that US cartel enforcement has seen an underlying shift away from focusing on smaller … policy priorities and a search for the optimal enforcement design to curtail one of the clearest sources of welfare loss …