This paper investigates whether differential treatment of men and women in the labor market is due to unobservable differences in productivity or if it is motivated by a taste for discrimination. While studies on sex-discrimination typically control for human capital (formal education,...

The aim of this paper is to examine the issues of gender disparities in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region, with a special focus given to countries covered by the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)1. The analysis is conducted in several dimensions: labour participation,...

Das Thema einer gesetzlichen Mindestquote für Frauen in Führungspositionen der Privatwirtschaft ist in Deutschland politisch und gesellschaftlich umstritten. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Thematik näher und gibt eine Einschätzung der Frauenquote und weiterer Maßnahmen, die die Ungleichstellung...

Das Thema einer gesetzlichen Mindestquote für Frauen in Führungspositionen der Privatwirtschaft ist in Deutschland politisch und gesellschaftlich umstritten. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Thematik näher und gibt eine Einschätzung der Frauenquote und weiterer Maßnahmen, die die Ungleichstellung...

Typically, workplace discrimination is approached from the perspective of a particular dimension (e.g., race or gender). This offers insight but also obscures important communality among different types of discrimination. We propose a construct of generalized workplace discrimination that...

This article first parses the multiple overlapping definitions of discrimination, including distinctions between group and individual discrimination and between segregation and discrimination in pay. The article then summarizes the major economic models of discrimination, particularly Becker's...

This chapter surveys the theoretical literature on statistical discrimination and affirmative action. This literature suggests different explanations for the existence and persistence of group inequality. This survey highlights such differences and describes in these contexts the effects of...

Older women compose a large share of labor force in the U.S. There are two federal statutes that can provide protection for older women against employers' discriminatory behavior: the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (Title VII). Theories and...

A gender differential in wages is considered to be discriminatory if the differential cannot be explained by gender differences in productivity. Numerous studies have been performed to measure the extent of gender wage discrimination in countries across the world, and most report a substantial...