We examine how organizational ecology and the strategic choice perspective can be combined to provide more contextualized insights into how multinational corporations (MNCs) can better counter environmental pressures with evolving subnational FDI legitimacy and improve the survival likelihood of...

We examine the relationships between national ethical environment (NEE) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing and developed countries from an institutional theory perspective. Based on an NEE measure developed by Franke and Nadler (2008) and FDI data from the Ministry of Finance of...

In this paper we propose that states which attract comparatively more FDI should concentrate on activities designed to draw additional foreign investment rather than on activities designed to promote exports. Results indicate that states with comparatively more FDI have greater success in their...

We examine the effect of Japanese official development assistance (ODA) on entry mode and expatriate staffing of Japanese subsidiaries in China over the period 1993-2000 at a sub-national level, based on data aggregated from Toyo Keizai, China Statistical Yearbook and the Embassy of Japan in...

This study contributes to the subsidiary control literature by empirically demonstrating the importance of FDI legitimacy in determining subsidiary ownership and expatriate staffing levels. Based on organizational ecology theory (OET), our study considers the tension between legitimation and...