This paper examines the financial structure and the bank relationships of Italian multinational firms. We show that multinationals are on average more leveraged than non-internationalized firms. Moreover, they have a larger share of financial and bank debt out of total debt, maintain more bank...

This paper investigates the effect of a firm's organizational structure on its debt financing activities. Using corporate diversification strategy as an identification tool for organizational structure, we find that diversified firms have significantly lower loan rates than comparable focused...

We exploit variation in commercial bank capital ratios across states to identify the impact of commercial bank balance sheet pressures manifested through changes in capital ratios on employment in the manufacturing sector. For industries dependent on external finance, we find that an increase in...

We exploit variation in commercial bank capital ratios across states to identify the impact of higher capital ratios on the creation and size of manufacturing firms. For industries dependent on external finance, we find that an increase in the capital ratio has no statistically significant...

We exploit the cross-state, cross-time variation in bank tangible capital ratios-brought about by bank branch deregulation on a state-by-state basis-to identify the effects of bank capital pressures on employment and firm dynamics during two waves of changes in bank capital regulation. We show...

This study examined the influence of corporate governance practices and funding structure on the earnings management of listed commercial banks in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study pooled 64 listed commercial banks during the period 2012-2018 within a panel data analytic framework. Using...

The beneficial economic effects of entrepreneurial activity can only be realised if such activity is relatively unconstrained in both product and factor markets, finance has been widely identified as a potential constraint on entrepreneurial activity due to either debt or equity gaps. However,...

This study examines the expectations that both small business firms and bankers have regarding the bank selection process. The purpose of the study is to determine whether or not bankers understand the needs of the small business customer. It is based on a nationwide survey of 115 small business...

This paper examines the characteristics of UK small firm bank finance and the causes of the frequently strained relationship between small firms and banks in the UK. Debt, credit rationing, and call option problems under the UK system are examined. The bank’s solutions including the...

In theory commercial banks exist to resolve asymmetric information problems in credit markets. Because small business firms have much greater information problems than large firms, it is not surprising that they depend almost entirely on banks for external finance needs. Unfortunately, little is...