The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the financing of the non-financial private sector. Financing of the self-employed and businesses has risen as a consequence of both the increase in demand, stemming from greater liquidity needs and from the perceived increase in refinancing risks,...

This empirical paper analyzes the effect of trademark activity on the market value and performance of U.S. commercial banks from two perspectives. First, a long-term perspective considers the effect of such activity on banks' Tobin's q. Second, with a short-term perspective, the authors analyze...

This paper studies the impact of the banks' portfolio holdings of financial derivatives on the banks' individual contribution to systemic risk over and above the effect of variables related to size, interconnectedness, substitutability, and other balance sheet information. Using a sample of 95...

What is the impact of negative interest rates on bank lending and risk-taking? To answer this question we study the changes in lending policies using the Euro area Bank Lending Survey and the Spanish Credit Register. Banks whose net interest income is adversely affected by negative rates are...

This paper studies the effect of macroprudential requirements on capital ratios for a sample of euro area banks. We first document that banks' capital ratios are typically above minimum regulatory levels. The banks in our sample differ in their degree of systemic importance and once we split the...

Between 2009 and 2011, the Spanish banking system underwent a restructuring process based on consolidation of savings banks. The program's design allows us to study how alternative forms of consolidation affect credit supply and financial stability. Compared to bank business groups, we find that...