This study provides the first empirical evidence of the causal impact of fertility outcomes on old-age labor supply, by … exogenous instruments of fertility. The results show strong impact of children on preventing old parents from strenuous works at …

Alike most of the Western world, the Danish fertility rate declined throughout the 20th century simultaneous to … economic growth. This development, which conflicts with economic intuition, has been denoted the fertility paradox, and several … the fertility rate during the years 1982 to 2004. Several factors commonly believed to explain the variation in the …

situated at all wealth levels, the relevant downstream effects of schooling - measured by fertility, literacy and employment … reduced fertility through policy induced education, while there are almost no effects of additional education for non …-poor women. Our findings help in evaluating the generalisability of the nexus between women's education and fertility as well as …

interaction with child quantity-quality substitution, a decline in fertility. Using unique new data for 21 OECD countries over the … technological progress on investments in education and a strongly negative one on fertility. Using two-stage regressions, we assess … increase of enrollment in primary and secondary school is associated with a decline of the general fertility rate by 3 to 4 …

with a slow entrance into the sustained fertility decline that characterized the first demographic transition. The South … of fertility is a demographic trend that accompanies regional development, revealing changes in societal values, in the … among young people, and the persistence of emigration. We conclude that the persistence of high fertility levels during …