Students may suffer from learning loss between the spring and fall semesters, an experience often called ‘summer learning loss' or ‘knowledge decay.' Although many studies examine knowledge decay in K-12, only a few examine college students. This study expands the literature by examining...

In this article, we analyze whether non-native speakers in the classroom affect the educational achievement and social integration of migrant and native students. In contrast to previous studies, which mainly examine the effect of the share of immigrant pupils, we focus on language heterogeneity...