Pakistan's education system faces long-standing problems in access, quality, and equal opportunity at every level …: primary and secondary schools, higher education and vocational education. In spite of recent encouraging trends, such as the … rapid spread of private schooling and an expansion of higher education opportunities, systemic reform remains stubbornly …

to remedy. We also show that cognitive ability is not the only determinant of education, labor market outcomes and …

while education can be an escalator out of social disadvantage — leading to better job prospects for youths facing greater … significant minority of students in several OECD countries do not even complete compulsory education; students' test scores in … lower secondary education are strongly shaped by family characteristics; and the expansion of university education has most …

Education systems can be viewed as complex systems, by considering that learning, teaching, cognition and education are … education systems, new approaches seem relevant, and even necessary, if we consider that traditional methods are often not … complex system approach in education, and to bring to discussion the potential benefits of this perspective to education in …