Previous attempts at identifying and estimating a time-varying risk premium in the cocoa futures market yielded …-varying risk premium in the cocoa futures market is re-investigated using LM ARCH tests and a Quadratic ARCH in Mean Error … of a positive time-varying [or constant] risk premium in the cocoa futures market at conventional significance levels …

production and marketing processes (Bowmar and Gow, 2009). Advocacy groups have used these attacks to exploit the growing … members. Using an instrumental case study of the international cocoa and chocolate industry’s response to the child labour …

This study uses survey data to examine the role of access to credit on cocoa production, in West African cocoa … to simulate the counterfactual of what cocoa production would be in the absence of credit facilities. The survey results … show that about 54% of cocoa farmers have access to credit in Nigeria, and respectively 37% in Cameroon, while in Ghana and …