The relative incomes and education-levels of Black and white populations in the United States and Brazil are considered after Abolition, and framed by earlier disparities in their natural rates of increase. For the post-World War Two period, the effects of demography, education, and regional...

In 2008, 2.2% of Americans identified with two or more racial categories. Indeed, assertions of non-traditional identities evoking a mixed race (or multiracial) background are more prevalent in society today, particularly among younger generations. The rise of multiracial identification is...