The circular economy is increasingly being considered as a potential model to replace the prevailing end-of-life approach by establishing a closed-loop flow. The importance of different supply chain (SC) actors in this process has been recognized as a critical aspect of the development of...

Consumers are the starting point of a reverse supply chain. They act as supplier of raw material to value adding activities and reverse supply chain activities such as remanufacturing and recycling. Though reverse supply chain literature acknowledges the significance of consumers, the degree of...