Unique proprietary data on Swedish board members reveal that a non-trivial proportion of board members in Swedish listed firms have been convicted of serious crimes. Analyzing the data shows that board members with personal fraudulent behavior are more likely to be males than females. We also...

In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of two main corporate governance mechanisms, namely the board of directors and auditing, in mitigating the equity discounts arising from the potential entrenchment problem between inside and outside shareholders. Overall, the empirical results...