promises, and explores the distributional consequences of this decision, in a setting where party credibility can vary. When … campaign promises. When political credibility is sufficiently low, some voter groups are targeted only with vote buying and not …

current policy choice. Deviating from (exogenous) traditional party policy reduces the credibility of a party in the eyes of … voters of both parties. They get either desensitised or over-sensitised in respect to party credibility which alters the … situation before election campaigning into an electoral victory. …

information and politician credibility. Parties organized around particular individuals, rather than around policy labels or a … voter information and political credibility, and to limit political budget cycles. Previous research has also shown larger …