century or more; only later did productivity gains bring declining employment. What changed? The elasticity of demand. Using … data over two centuries for US textile, steel, and auto industries, this paper shows that automation initially spurred job … growth because demand was highly elastic. But demand later became satiated, leading to job losses. A simple model explains …

Essential resources like electricity and water can experience rapidly changing demand or supply while the other side of … if consumers exhibit short-run demand elasticity. The question for firms in these markets has always been how to enable … paper illustrates how demand from a randomly assigned control group can be used to test the effectiveness of different …