female employees if women are less driven by pecuniary considerations in their choice of employers than men. Employers may … exploit this to increase their profits at the detriment of women’s wages. Empirically, it is indeed found that women’s labour …

attributed to women's relative deficit with respect to human capital endowment, an equally large part stems from the fact that … inequality with respect to the returns to human capital in terms of wage which favours women. Nevertheless, women improved their …, mainly because women have a lower educational attainment than men but also because similar qualification levels yield lower …