. We, first, derive analytically the optimal subsidy in a spatial partial equilibrium model of a city with two zones where … vehicles and electric vehicles. There we find that the optimal subsidy rate is the sum of changes in externality costs … simulations to calculate sign and size of the optimal subsidy or tax rate. This model is calibrated to a typical German …

. Considering such a mismatch of location preferences between drivers and SPs, we compare three types of subsidy policies with a …