This paper provides a review of the research on the ‘economics of language' as applied to international migration. Its … international (and internal) migrants, both in terms of the ease of obtaining proficiency in the destination language and access to … linguistic enclaves, (2) the determinants of destination language proficiency among international migrants, based on a model (the …

study the reform effects on children's language skills, motor skills, socio-emotional stability, and school readiness using …

specialized occupations. Compared to non-migrants, immigrants receive more than twice the return for using English. Returns depend … crucially on speaking German well, thus excluding many first generation migrants and are found to occur particularly in service … occupations that involve international factor flows. In such occupations it is likely that migrants can apply complementary skills …