With the rise of the sharing economy, more and more retailers have begun to join the e-commerce platform to expand sales channels. As an important means to improve consumer retention, the membership system is widely used in major e-commerce platforms. In this paper, we develop a research...

With the rise of the sharing economy, more and more retailers join the e-commerce platform to expand sales channels. As an important means to improve consumer retention rate, the membership system is widely used in major e-commerce platforms. In this paper, we develop a model to discuss the...

Much has been written about most favoured nation clauses or agreements in the context of online platforms (also known as retail MFNs), and the challenges faced by competition authorities in assessing the potential anti-competitive nature of such agreements. The perceived absence of a clear legal...