, especially those of mothers with young children. This trend has triggered an intense debate about its implications for children …'s well-being and long-term educational outcomes. The overall effect of maternal and paternal employment on children …'s cognitive and educational attainment is not obvious: on the one hand, children may benefit from higher levels of family income …

formation of children. To this end, we exploit a nationwide reform that mandated Swedish municipalities to offer childcare … effects on the children's 6th grade test scores, but we find evidence of positive effects on test scores for sons of less than …

the household. Using a sample of PSID-CDS children, we investigate whether the birth order effects in their outcomes are …

decision. The effect of parental childcare time on children's educational outcome is tested using Danish time use data combined … on weekdays and children's outcomes as well as a positive association between fathers' childcare time on weekends and … children's outcomes. Parents' time spent on childcare is negatively related to the amount of time spent on paid work …

regarding the quantity and quality of parental time investment on the skill formation of their children. Traditional models of … children vis-à-vis home production. This paper finds that, similarly to higher-income countries, there is a positive education … better care for their children, thus increasing the socioeconomic gap. …