that Italian students receive during the school year. Using data for all sixth graders, descriptives show that in both …

characteristics and levels of ability, students' relative rank within the classroom, and school context. High teacher grading …

rates in these schools is almost 11%. Almost 30% of the students who change schools go to a school of the same or worse …

Black primary-school students matched to a same-race teacher perform better on standardized tests and face more … probability that he drops out of high school, particularly among the most economically disadvantaged black males. Exposure to at … identification strategies, including an instrumental variables strategy that exploits within-school, intertemporal variation in the …

This article investigates the biases involved in estimating the effects of teacher attributes on school's performance …

States and school districts across the United States are increasingly using value-added models (VAMs) to evaluate … summer learning with school-year gains. These “cross-year” VAMs yield biased estimates of teacher effectiveness when students …

Black primary-school students matched to a same-race teacher perform better on standardized tests and face more … probability that he drops out of high school, particularly among the most economically disadvantaged black males. Exposure to at … identification strategies, including an instrumental variables strategy that exploits within-school, intertemporal variation in the …