The standard measures of effective protection calculate EPRs by reference to an activity's principal product. In many activities by-products which have a positive economic value are important. Revises the standard measures to allow for the incorporation of by-products and uses an example to...

The standard measures of effective protection calculate EPRs by reference to an activity′s principal product. In many activities by‐products which have a positive economic value are important. Revises the standard measures to allow for the incorporation of by‐products and uses an example...

Purpose – The potential to provide customers with information about experience and credence qualities in advance of purchase has resulted in widespread recognition of the significance of brands in relation to consumer choice in the service sector. Arguably, what is of particular significance...