types of outcomes, such as (continuous) earnings or (discrete and ordinal) education levels, and captures dynastic … developing country. Results indicate that mobility in terms of education and potential earnings was markedly at the advantage of … women. The bulk of the population came out of illiteracy, possibly due to large-scale education reforms, but the relative …

The United States and China are the world's largest economies. Together they are responsible for about one-third of the … their levels of development, the US and China report remarkably similar levels of socioeconomic mobility; a level that is …, socioeconomic mobility was relatively high in China. However, as it underwent a period of rapid economic growth, China …

rural residents. In this paper we focus on China's household registration system, or "hukou", as a potential source of the … advantage of variation in hukou status generated by individual-level changes over time. Unlike previous studies, we are able to … hukou "premium". For estimates that do not account for time-invariant individual characteristics, urban hukou holders earn …

Canada. At the same time, returns to education have gone up. Both factors have contributed to exacerbating income gaps … between children of parents with and without secondary education. However, the transmission of residual parental income … education. Overall, these patterns suggest that fostering high school completion may help slow down the worsening of …