Based on an in-depth literature review and responses to a survey among OECD member countries, this paper discusses the use of flexibility mechanisms in environmental regulations. Such mechanisms can provide flexibility as to how a given environmental improvement is achieved, regarding where...

We compare corporate carbon emissions data of four data providers for investment universes relevant for investors in developed and emerging equity markets, as well as investment grade and high yield corporate bond markets. In contrast to Environmental, Social, and Governance sustainability...

There is an increasing demand for putting a shadow price on the environment to guide public policy and incentivize private behaviour. In practice, setting that price can be extremely difficult as uncertainties abound. There is often uncertainty not just about individual parameters but about the...

Im Rahmen der Umsetzung der Energiewende steigt der Bedarf an Politikkoordination angesichts des Zusammenwirkens multiplen Marktversagens und der Interaktion umwelt-, energie- und innovationspolitischer Ziele und Instrumente im Policy-Mix. Zugleich erweist sich eine Koordination als zunehmend...

Ist das Klimaabkommen, das auf der Weltklimakonferenz in Paris im Dezember 2015 beschlossen wurde, ein wichtiger Schritt für den weltweiten Klimaschutz? Joachim Weimann, Universität Magdeburg, sieht zwar in der Tatsache, dass es überhaupt ein Abkommen gibt und dass sich Länder verpflichten,...

Internal carbon pricing by corporations is a relatively new tool in carbon management. Using a sample of 1,274 firms from 45 countries and across 43 industries reporting to the Carbon Disclosure Project (the CDP) during the years, 2015 to 2018, this study uses carbon emissions intensity ratios...

This paper examines the effect of carbon risk on firm performance, exploiting the Australia ratification of Kyoto Protocol in December 2007 as an exogenous shock. The paper finds that polluters, firms in highest-emitting industries, experience a reduction in financial performance relative to...

Linkage of cap-and-trade systems is typically advocated by economists on a general analogy with the beneficial linking of free-trade areas and on the specific grounds that linkage will ensure cost effectiveness among the linked jurisdictions. An appropriate and widely accepted specification for...

This paper examines the impact of carbon risk on firms' financing costs. We exploit the Kyoto Protocol ratification (hereafter KPR) committed by the Australian government in December 2007 as an exogenous increase in carbon risk. We find that, in the post-KPR period, firms with high carbon...

This study evaluates a novel scheme to trade sulfur dioxide emission permits subject to non-uniform rates. These rates are based on generators' marginal costs of compliance with environmental policy in a hypothesized least social-cost solution. This scheme is compared against the existing...