Followers sometimes perform better when their leader expresses anger and sometimes when the leader expresses happiness. We propose that this inconsistency can be solved by considering potential conflict between leader emotions and follower social-relational goals, operationalized in terms of...

How do emotions affect the opponent's behavior in a negotiation? Two experiments explored the interpersonal effects of anger and happiness. In Study 1, participants received information about the emotion (anger vs. happiness vs. no emotion) of their (fake) opponent. Participants with an angry...