Many countries suffer from persistently high unemployment rates. The scope for labour market reforms is often limited …

have boosted German competitiveness, resulting in higher exports, higher production and lower unemployment. This … explains the gains in competitiveness but increases unemployment and inequality, and the subsequent labour market reforms lower … unemployment by lessening the reservation wage and expanding the non-tradable sector. The model replicates the developments of the …

Many European countries have experienced a significant increase of unemployment in recent years. This paper reviews … as a determinant of high unemployment in Europe. Furthermore, a case study analyzes the unemployment problem in Germany …