Previous studies have often emphasized the gender effects of individual teachers but have paid less attention to the … gender composition of teacher teams. We examine the effects of teacher gender composition on the noncognitive characteristics … mixed-gender teacher teams significantly improve the noncognitive characteristics of students. The underlying mechanism …

indices related to socio-economic inequality, such as the Gini index, human development index, or gender inequality index … insignificant, indicating income inequality had little effect on students’ PISA performance. On the other hand, the gender … capital and competitiveness, and focus on decreasing gender disparity and the associated loss of achievement due to gender …

, teachers, and peers. We find no evidence of differential responses by gender. …

a difference-in-differences estimation method, it was found that early tracking has a direct effect on the gender gap in … gender gap varies to a great extent between countries. While the existing literature explains these differences as being … like tracking, grade retention, and individualised teaching practices. The gender test score gap is analysed in math …