measure of skin tone from a light-spectrometer and a self-reported measure of race we find that over time the effect of skin … year panel data. We find that the expansion of employment for women is concentrated in the services occupations. -- race … ; gender ; employment discrimination ; skin tone ; panel data …

Using a unique data set, this paper first documents that gaps in starting wages by race and sex persist after … discrimination, is partly responsible for race differences in starting wages. But because women's average performance in the sample …

economically relevant distances among different countries of origin. The typical examples of such metrics are diversity indicators … origin into an aggregate firm-level diversity indicator, built on the United Nations Development Programme's Human … the majority of firms do not discriminate against foreigners. Yet, we find that firms with high diversity largely …

Recent research suggests that firm-level factors play a significant role in the gender wage gap. This paper adds to …–2017. Estonia is a country with the highest gender wage gap in the EU with about two-thirds of that unexplained by conventional … factors. The results show that firm-level factors are important determinants of the gender wage gap, explaining as much as 35 …

We investigate whether the Big Five Personality Dimensions contribute to explaining gender and migrant wage gaps by … using a linked employer-employee dataset. We expand the scarce literature concerning personality traits and gender wage gaps … associations between the Big Five and wages. The magnitude of this relationship varies across the gender and the migratory status …

endogeneity issues through a diff GMM-IV estimator. Our models also test for gender-based discrimination. Empirical results for …