products and brand-name reputation. The effects of new products on the private incentives to innovate are investigated on the … their investments. Competition is, however, not localized within a market segment and the class of new or old models, i …

We analyse the relationship between the quality of a GP practice in England and the degree of competition that it faces … obtained from the national GP patient survey). The association between increased competition and higher quality is found for GP … fraction of the potential benefits to patients from increased choice and competition …