In this paper, we discuss from an economic perspective two alternative views of restrictions of competition by sports … associations. The horizontal approach views such restrictions as an agreement among the participants of a sports league with the … sports association merely representing an organization executing the horizontal cooperation. In contrast, the vertical …

Sport is largely organized around the principle of one federation per sport which raises competition law concerns as it …, and with it sport's current organization, is susceptible to competition law challenges …

, football, tennis, rally, and the other kinds of sport. Events that attracts crowds of people and "are visited regularly or once … the context of sports tourism. The analysis of scientific papers shows that sporting events have created new forms of … tourism, which combine vacation with the opportunity to pursue a particular kind of sport, or watch the sporting events …