Events leading to the passing of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have led to increased concern with and scrutiny of potential management manipulation of financial statements. From an agency theory perspective, managers have incentives to manipulate organizational methods and choices in order to produce...

A recent research stream develops currency adjusted stock indices. The analysis in previous papers is limited to daily closing data. This paper extends the existing body of literature by examining tick data. We examine tick data from 2002 through 2013 for eight indices. In general, results show...

This paper presents stock indices that reflect changes in both stock value and underlying currency value. An earlier study develops the first known currency adjusted stock index. This paper extends the literature by utilizing a better measure of US dollar value to develop currency value adjusted...