This paper questions the notion that expatriates should adjust to their host country, by showing that adjustment and its consequences are affected by cosmopolitanism and expected assignment duration. A study of 260 expatriates in the U.S. reveals that cosmopolitans expecting shorter (longer)...

As an increasing population identifies itself as cosmopolitan, we examine whether the cosmopolitan identity involves openness and adaptability to new environments, or instead favors maintaining a global lifestyle that persists across environments. Based on a field study of expatriates, we find...