Recent work suggests that Patent Assertion Entities (PAEs) — or “patent trolls” — are a new form of financial … intermediary. According to this view, individual patent holders are unable to contract with large manufacturers because they lack … the financial resources necessary to litigate against infringement. Since individual patent holders are heterogeneous in …

experiments stimulate discussions of technology licensing, intellectual property rights, different royalty structures, patent …

infringement under which patent subject matter can be used for research purposes. In doing so, the court has retarded innovation …The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has nearly eliminated the common law experimental use exemption to patent … patent law policies, reviews and critiques law reform proposals to reestablish the exemption, and proposes a new statutory …