The False Strategy theorem tells us that the optimal outcome of an unknown number of historical simulations is right-unbounded — with enough trials, there is no Sharpe ratio sufficiently enough to reject the hypothesis that a strategy is false. Given the ease with which one can use a computer...

We use non-experimental data from a large panel of schools and districts in Indiana to evaluate the impacts of math curricula on student achievement. Using matching methods, we obtain causal estimates of curriculum effects at just a fraction of what it would cost to produce experimental...