Based on the theory of professional competition, this paper identify and investigates four strategic options of supreme audit institutions (SAIs) through a case study of four Nordic national audit offices: a performance auditing strategy; a financial auditing strategy; a portfolio strategy; and...

Stakeholder theory (SHT) emphasizes that different stakeholders and their interests need to be identified and addressed to maximize firm performance. This emphasis can make the design of performance measurement systems (PMS) challenging because the interests of stakeholders are often in...

Police performance is not easily measurable and the organization and circumstances of police work vary among European countries. Further, police work is surrounded by multiple pressures to make it both economical and effective. Consequently, there are multiple institutional logics in...

This paper presents a model for predicting crises in small businesses using early-warning signals. It summarises the results of two separate studies carried out in Finland (with 72 percent response) and the UK (26 percent) on the decision process of corporate analysts (Finland) and bank managers...

Data collected from 103 senior managers from 60 internationalized Finnish firms suggests that, on average, headquarters (HQs) have placed a very high weight on formal controls, and selected relatively high degrees of decision-making decentralization and multidomestic strategy. The degree of...