We use a detailed micro dataset on product availability to construct a direct high-frequency measure of consumer product shortages during the 2020-2021 pandemic. We document a widespread multi-fold rise in shortages in nearly all sectors early in the pandemic. Over time, the composition of...

Employee performance management is an important human resource management practice in many countries. However, while we find the same vocabulary and similar agendas, there is evidence that the actual performance management reality varies. The aim of this paper is to take a comparative approach...