may lead to higher promotion standards for women. If employers expect women to do more household work than men, thereby … exerting less effort in their paid job, then women must be more talented to make promotion profitable. Moreover, specialization … in the family will then result in women’s doing most of the household work. Such self-fulfilling prophecies can be …

The area of women’s empowerment has attracted increasing attention among a wide range of interest groups, from authors … understandings of women’s empowerment in the literature and to discuss empirical evidence from NGO projects in the field. A … findings highlighted four common understandings of women’s empowerment including granting women a voice, challenging existing …