Pakistan is severely disadvantaged by its failure to achieve higher levels of human development. Low enrolment thirty years ago is reflected in the lower educational level of today’s labor force, lower productivity and lower adaptation of technology. Even today less than half of the school-age...

Global AIDS policy has failed to stop the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa because prevention programs are limited by an unscientific theory of disease causation, which assumes that differences in HIV prevalence among populations are adequately explained by variation in rates of unsafe sexual...

This paper analyzes gender bias in teaching in low-performing schools in Chile. To carry out the analyses, the authors used videotaped classes for fourth graders and coded 237 tapings. Results show a general (although not uniform) bias in teachers' actions that resulted in less attention to...