their children, child-related expenditure and the results obtained by them, with particular attention to gender differences … writing and math and logical reasoning. The amount of time mothers spend with children is always greater than fathers but … changes over the life cycle of the children. In fact, the time mothers spend with children decreases as the child grows up and …

A rich strand of the economic literature has been studying the impact of different forms of early childcare on children … agrees in identifying stronger beneficial effects among children from disadvantaged backgrounds, making a case for the role … cognitive and non-cognitive development of young children and how to reduce gender gaps later in life. Our paper offers a …

nonparental childcare arrangements in Turkey-care of children by grandparents and nannies-became undesirable due to health … parental caregiving time of married parents of preschool-age children by using data from the 2014-15 Turkish Time Use Survey …

influenced by the presence of young children in the household, by the total non-labor income, and by the ratio of mothers' non …

This study uses time-diary data from two-parent families with children aged 10-16 (N = 913) to analyse how parental … work schedules interfere with children's daily activities in Spain, a country where evening work is strongly … institutionalised. Fathers' work schedules are generally unrelated to children's time use. Mothers' evening work hours are significantly …

Using over 50 thousand time-use diaries from two cohorts of children, we document significant gender differences in … gaps in non-cognitive skills. As children age, gender differences in time allocation play an increasing role in explaining …