pension incomes. This paper investigates the gender pension gap in nine European Union countries from 2004 to 2020. Our study … pension index in capturing between-gender inequality in societies. Employing data from the SHARE database, we find that gender … contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the gender pension gap phenomenon, which is crucial for developing effective …

In many European countries, there is a substantial gender pension gap. Yet, these gaps vary strongly across countries … pension gaps. The findings show that the gender pension gap tends to be larger in countries with larger gender … relationship between pension gaps and the characteristics of pension systems that were examined. The findings emphasize that gender …

European countries, women receive substantially lower pensions than men; gender pension gaps among pensioners can be up to 69 … percent. When taking elderly people without a pension into account, the gender pension gap increases substantially in many … countries. Gaps could be reduced by changing pension entitlement conditions and strenghtening the reconciliability of work and …