Do women really improve conditions for gender equality after becoming heads of states? This study investigates if … having a woman at the helm of country's decision making processes leads to better indicators on women conditions. Using time …

equality in Africa. However, the mechanisms behind this benign legacy and the contribution of missionary women, who constituted … of missions in colonial Africa, including the gender composition of their staff. In combination with contemporary survey … association between missionary women and girls' school enrollment in colonial times but find no evidence of any lasting gendered …

conclusions show that some of the factors that influence women career paths are discrimination, motherhood, glass-ceiling, double …