Using 4,279 episodes of the popular US game show Jeopardy!, we analyze whether the opponents' gender is able to explain the gender gap in competitive behavior. Our findings indicate that gender differences disappear when women compete against men. This result is surprising, but emerges with...

Economic research on gender gaps in preferences and economic outcomes has focused on variation with respect to sex-a binary classification as either a "man" or "woman." We validate a novel and simple measure of self-reported continuous gender identity (CGI) and explore whether gender identity...

Cross-country studies reveal two consistent gender gaps in education - underachievement in school by boys and low rates of participation in STEM studies by girls. Recent economics research has shown the importance of social influences on women's STEM avoidance, but male low achievement has been...

Almost all jobs require a combination of cognitive effort and labor effort. This paper focuses on the effect that competitive incentive schemes have on the chosen combination of these two types of efforts. We use an experimental approach to show that competitive incentives may induce agents to...